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Subcomandante Marcos or Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos, was the ''nom de guerre'' used by the main ideologist and spokesman of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a Mexican rebel movement fighting for the rights of the indigenous peoples of Mexico. Subcomandante Marcos, the character, the constructed persona, the hologram, the "colorful ruse," was created by the Clandestine Revolutionary Indigenous Committee of the Zapatistas, because "(outsiders ) can only see those who are as small as they are. Let’s make someone as small as they are, so that they can see him and through him, they can see us." Determined by the Zapatistas to have become a distraction, the figure announced it to be destroyed in late May 2014.〔Gahman, Levi - Death of a Zapatista http://rabble.ca/news/2014/06/death-zapatista-neoliberalisms-assault-on-indigenous-autonomy/〕 Resurrecting the name of a fallen Zapatista education promoter named José Luis Solís López, or Compañero Galeano, who was killed in a paramilitary attack against La Realidad, a Zapatista village, also in May 2014, Subcomandante Marcos is now known as Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano.〔(Between Light and Shadow: Marcos’ last words ) by ROAR Collective, ROAR Magazine, May 28, 2014〕〔( Zapatista News Summary for May 2014 ) by Chiapas Support Committee, June 2, 2014〕 Twenty years prior, on January 1, 1994, when the U.S.–Mexico–Canada free trade agreement became effective, then Subcommander Marcos led an army of Mayan farmers into eastern Chiapas state, to protest what he saw as the Mexican federal government's mistreatment of the nation's indigenous peoples.〔(A Masked Marxist on the Stump ) by James McKinley, ''The New York Times'', January 6, 2006〕 Marcos is also a writer, a political poet, and an anti-capitalist who advocates the amendment of the Political Constitution of Mexico to formally and specifically recognize the political and the human rights of Mexico's indigenous peoples.〔 Journalists have described Marcos as both a post-modern and new Che Guevara.〔(BBC Profile: The Zapatistas' mysterious leader ) by Nathalie Malinarich, 11 March 2001〕〔(Zapatistas Launch ‘Other’ Campaign ) by Ramor Ryan, The Independent, 12 January 2006 issue〕 In his military capacity as a Subcommander of the Zapatista Army, his nom de guerre ''Marcos'' is that of a friend killed at a military road-block checkpoint.〔quoted in "First World, Ha! Ha! Ha! The Zapatista Challenge" Interview: Subcomandante Marcos, by Medea Benjamin. City Lights Books, San Francisco 1994. p. 70.〕 In his political capacity, he is known as ''Delegado Cero'' (Delegate Zero) for his participation in the affairs of ''La otra campaña'' (The Other Campaign), concerning the communitary autonomy and the socio-political rights of ''los indios de México'' (the indigenous peoples of Mexico). On May 25, 2014 at 02:08 he published a letter where he announced that that would be his last public appearance. He mentioned that the Subcomandante Marcos personality has been a hologram and the EZLN does not need his image anymore. The letter is signed by Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano who died a few days earlier in an ambush. It is said that Galeano mentioned that he would have returned in collective form.〔http://regeneracion.mx/causas-justas/el-subcomandante-marcos-anuncia-su-retiro/〕 ==Background== As a young man, Marcos was politically radicalized by the Tlatelolco massacre (2 October 1968) of students and civilians by the Mexican federal government; consequently, he became a militant in the Maoist National Liberation Forces. In 1983, he went to the mountains of Chiapas to convince the poor, indigenous Maya population to organize and launch a proletarian revolution against the Mexican bourgeoisie and the federal government.〔(Farewell to the End of History: Organization and Vision in Anti-Corporate Movements ) by Naomi Klein, The Socialist Register, 2002, London: Merlin Press, 1-14〕 After hearing his proposition, the Chiapanecs "just stared at him", and replied that they were not urban workers, that, from their perspective, the land was not property, but the heart of the communities.〔 In the documentary ''A Place Called Chiapas'' (1998), about his early days there, Subcommander Marcos said: There are several rumors that Marcos left Mexico in the mid 1980s to Nicaragua to serve with the Sandinistas under the nom de guerre El Mejicano, and after leaving Nicaragua in the late 1980s to return to Mexico, helped form the EZLN with support from the Sandinistas and the Salvadoran leftist guerrilla group FMLN〔http://wais.stanford.edu/Mexico/mexico_bishopsruiz.html〕〔http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/315-high-hopes-baffling-uncertainty-mexico-nears-the-millennium〕〔http://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/feb/11/mexico-unmasks-guerrilla-commander-subcomandante/〕 This story, however, contradicts the view that the first Zapatista organizers were in the jungle by 1983. Marcos learned the culture of the Maya civilization. After the intramural politics of the FLN, the outlook of the indigenous peasants of Chiapas, and the failure of the initial Chiapas uprising, he modified the social revolution to the actual social, political, and economic conditions of Chiapas and the people; the adaptation parallels the approach proposed by Antonio Gramsci, whose political theories are popular among Mexican intellectuals. ''A Place Called Chiapas'' presents some of the powerful political rhetoric of the Zapatistas. Subcommander Marcos addressed the camera only with his eyes and his tobacco pipe, and said, "It is our day, the day of the dead", whereby he revealed that the Zapatistas believe that he is a dead man, as are the other Zapatistas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Subcomandante Marcos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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